Vatican Nile Map – Saudi Sites Information

This map marks several locations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of historic and economic significance. Six of these locations are highlighted in this display.

Caves of Shuʿayb

This ancient city, also known as Mada’in Shuʿayb or Madyan, is located approximately 170 km from Tabuk and predates Islam by more than two thousand years. Its people were known for trade, agriculture, and date cultivation. Among its most notable residents were the prophets Shuʿayb and Musa (peace be upon them).

Muwailih Fort

Situated in the village of Muwailih in Badr Governorate, this fort rose to prominence during the Islamic era as a port for pilgrims from Bilad al-Sham (the Levant) and Egypt. Originally constructed as a tower in the Mamluk period, it was later converted into a military fortress during the Ottoman era.

Yanbuʿ al-Barr

Located about 200 km from Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, this city–which traces its roots back over 2,500 years—remains vibrant today. Owing to its strategic position, Yanbuʿ al-Barr has attracted travelers throughout history. Until slightly over a century ago, it featured extensive farms, palm groves, and flowing springs, serving as a rest stop for pilgrims, merchants, and other travelers.

Badr

Now known as Badr Governorate in the Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah region, this area has held significance since before the Common Era. It is most renowned for the Battle of Badr, the first major conflict in Islam.

Wadi Fatimah

Historically referred to as Wadi Marr or Marr al-Zahran, this valley contains thirty-two archaeological sites, with finds including stone tools dating back to the Acheulean period. It also marks the boundary of the sacred al-Haram. In the past, it was a low-lying area abundant with wells, springs, and fertile lands.

Jeddah Fort

Referred to as the “Gate to Makkah”, Jeddah has long served as a crossing point for pilgrims. Established by the Caliph, ‘Uthman bin Affan as the ideal harbor to facilitate access for pilgrims arriving by sea. The port of Jeddah replaced an earlier port in the nearby area of Al-Shu‘ayba.